New Treatments for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes

G lucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced by the proglucagon gene in L-cells of the small intestine in response to nutrients.1 It is an incretin – a gut hormone – that is responsible for the greater insulin response to oral versus IV glucose.2 Its major mechanism of action occurs through stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreatic islets. In addition to its insulinot...

New treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In subjects with type 2 diabetes, both defects of insulin secretion and insulin resistance contribute to the development of hyperglycaemia. The major goals of treatment are to optimise blood glucose control, and normalise the associated lipid disturbances and elevated blood pressure. Pharmacologic treatment is often necessary. This paper discusses new forms of oral treatment for subjects with t...

Do we need new treatments for type 2 diabetes?

Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus encompasses multiple pathophysiological and clinical situations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a long and changing natural history. Personal circumstances and preferences also condition the actual effectiveness and safety of drugs used. In recent decades, modern drugs have markedly expanded and improved therapeutic options. However, their eff...

Novel treatments for type 2 diabetes.

Inflammatory Cytokines and type 2 diabetes

Inflammatory cytokines increase in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on inflammatory cytokines such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipose tissue and associated with insulin sensitivity. Despite the major role of cytokines in the development of T2D, in the case of adiponectin still...